1. What is the concentration of NaCl in Normal Saline?
a)
0.5%
b)
0.7%
c)
0.9%
d)
0.8%
Answer:
0.9%
Explanation:
According to the WHO and Wikipedia, Normal Saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride) is an isotonic crystalloid with an osmolality (~308 mOsm/L) close to human plasma. It is the baseline for fluid resuscitation and is used to replace extracellular fluid losses
2. Which management is the priority for a patient with 3rd-degree burns?
a)
Oxygenation
b)
Fluid therapy
c)
CPR
d)
Health education
Answer:
Fluid therapy
Explanation:
Authentic nursing articles and WHO guidelines emphasize that fluid resuscitation (often using the Parkland Formula) is critical in the first 24 hours of major burns to prevent hypovolemic shock and acute renal failure
3. Which route is used for the insertion of intravenous fluids?
a)
Subcutaneous
b)
Intradermal
c)
Intravenous (into veins)
d)
Intramuscular
Answer:
Intravenous (into veins)
Explanation:
ICN (International Council of Nurses) standards define intravenous access as the direct delivery of fluids or medications into the circulatory system via a vein for immediate bioavailability.
4. What is the appropriate route for the BCG vaccine?
a)
Intramuscular
b)
Intravenous
c)
Intradermal
d)
Parenteral
Answer:
Intradermal
Explanation:
The WHO specifies that the BCG vaccine must be given intradermally (usually in the left deltoid) to ensure proper immune response and to monitor for the characteristic scar, which serves as proof of vaccination.
5. Which muscle is commonly advocated as an appropriate site for IM injection?
a)
Deltoid
b)
b) Ventrogluteal
c)
Vastus lateralis
d)
All of the above
Answer:
All of the above
Explanation:
Standard nursing manuals and Wikipedia list these sites as safe for IM injections because they have large muscle mass and are away from major nerves/blood vessels. The ventrogluteal site is often preferred for large volumes due to its depth and lack of major structures.
6. What is the standard angle for an Intramuscular (IM) injection?
a)
15 degrees
b)
45 degrees
c)
90 degrees
d)
25 degrees
Answer:
90 degrees
Explanation:
Clinical nursing guidelines (e.g., CDC and WHO) state that a 90-degree angle is mandatory for IM injections to ensure the needle reaches the deep muscle tissue for optimal drug absorption.
7. At what angle is an Intradermal (ID) injection typically administered?
a)
10–15 degrees
b)
45 degrees
c)
90 degrees
d)
25 degrees
Answer:
10–15 degrees
Explanation:
WHO and Wikipedia confirm that ID injections require a shallow 10–15° angle with the bevel facing up to create a "wheal" or "bleb" just below the epidermis
8. Which are the most common sites for IV cannula insertion?
a)
Median antecubital vein
b)
Cephalic vein
c)
Basilic vein
d)
All of the above
Answer:
All of the above
Explanation:
ICN and CDC guidelines recommend starting with distal veins (like those on the dorsum of the hand) and moving proximal. Large veins like the cephalic and basilic are preferred for rapid infusions.
9. What is a priority nursing management for a post-operative patient regarding IVs?
a)
Providing irregular ventilation
b)
Monitoring the rate and patency of IV fluids
c)
Not assessing sensation
d)
Assessment of the surgical site only
Answer:
Monitoring the rate and patency of IV fluids
Explanation:
ICN professional standards require nurses to check the patency (flow) and insertion site (for signs of phlebitis or infiltration) at least every 1–2 hours in post-op patients to ensure safe fluid delivery
10. What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with severe burns?
a)
Provide antipyretics
b)
Initiate fluid therapy
c)
Administer diuretics
d)
Provide health education
Answer:
Initiate fluid therapy
Explanation:
According to the WHO, fluid resuscitation is the cornerstone of burn management. Large volumes of IV fluids (typically Ringer's Lactate) are required to prevent hypovolemic shock. Wikipedia and ICN guidelines emphasize using formulas like the Parkland Formula to calculate fluid needs based on the Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) affected.
11. A patient is receiving Mannitol IV for a head injury. What must the nurse monitor most closely?
a)
Deep tendon reflexes
b)
Level of orientation
c)
Pulse rate
d)
Urine output
Answer:
Urine output
Explanation:
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure. Authentic nursing articles state that nurses must monitor urine output hourly because Mannitol pulls fluid from the brain into the vascular system, which is then excreted by the kidneys. Failure to monitor this can lead to severe dehydration or renal failure.
আরও পড়ুন:
12. Which of the following are appropriate sites for an Intramuscular (I/M) injection?
a)
Deltoid muscle
b)
Ventro-gluteal
c)
Vastus lateralis
d)
All of the above
Answer:
All of the above
Explanation:
The ICN (International Council of Nurses) advocates for site rotation. The Ventro-gluteal site is preferred for adults as it lacks major nerves and blood vessels. The Vastus lateralis is the gold standard for infants (per WHO), while the Deltoid is used for small-volume vaccines like the flu shot.
13. The BCG vaccine is administered via which route to prevent Tuberculosis?
a)
Intramuscular (IM)
b)
Subcutaneous (SC)
c)
Intradermal (ID)
d)
Intravenous (IV)
Answer:
Intradermal (ID)
Explanation:
WHO Position Papers mandate that BCG be given intradermally at a 10–15 degree angle. This ensures the vaccine stays in the dermis to stimulate the correct immune response. A visible "wheal" or "bleb" should form immediately upon successful injection.
14. What is the standard angle used for an Intramuscular (IM) injection?
a)
15 degrees
b)
45 degrees
c)
90 degrees
d)
25 degrees
Answer:
90 degrees
Explanation:
Per CDC and Wikipedia clinical guidelines, a 90-degree angle is necessary for IM injections to ensure the medication reaches the deep muscle tissue, where blood supply is rich enough for absorption. Inserting at a shallower angle risks depositing the drug into subcutaneous fat.
15. Which site is most commonly used for taking a patient's pulse during a routine assessment?
a)
Femoral artery
b)
Radial artery
c)
Brachial artery
d)
Carotid artery
Answer:
Radial artery
Explanation:
The Radial artery is the standard site for peripheral pulse assessment due to its accessibility. ICN standards recommend checking the radial pulse for 60 seconds if irregularities are noted. During CPR, however, the WHO suggests the Carotid or Brachial (for infants) site is prioritized.
16. Which of the following IV fluids is considered hypertonic (not isotonic)?
a)
5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl
b)
5% dextrose in 0.225% saline
c)
Ringer's Lactate
d)
0.9% NaCl
Answer:
5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl
Explanation:
According to WHO and clinical nursing standards, 0.9% Normal Saline and Ringer's Lactate are isotonic crystalloids used for volume replacement. 5% Dextrose in 0.9% NaCl is hypertonic because its total osmolarity is higher than that of human plasma (~308 mOsm/L).
17. What is a priority emergency management for a patient with 3rd-degree burns?
a)
Restricted mobility
b)
Intravenous fluids containing electrolytes
c)
Bathe with soap
d)
Ice cold therapy
Answer:
Intravenous fluids containing electrolytes
Explanation:
WHO guidelines for burn care state that massive fluid loss occurs due to increased capillary permeability. Administering electrolyte-rich IV fluids (like Ringer's Lactate) via large-bore cannulas is essential to prevent hypovolemic shock.
18. Which condition is a primary cause of dehydration necessitating IV therapy?
a)
Stroke
b)
Heart attack
c)
Burn
d)
Accident
Answer:
Burn
Explanation:
Wikipedia and nursing articles note that "burn shock" is a form of hypovolemic shock caused by the loss of plasma into the interstitial space. Immediate IV fluid resuscitation is the gold standard for survival.
19. Which procedure requires the use of strict surgical asepsis (sterile technique)?
a)
Intramuscular injection
b)
Central line intravenous medication
c)
Foley catheter insertion
d)
Both B and C
Answer:
Central line intravenous medication
Explanation:
The ICN (International Council of Nurses) differentiates between medical asepsis (clean technique) and surgical asepsis (sterile technique). Procedures involving the bloodstream (Central Lines) or sterile body cavities (Bladder) require sterile fields to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
20. or an infant in cardiac arrest, which site should be used to palpate the pulse?
a)
Carotid
b)
Brachial
c)
Pedal
d)
Radial
Answer:
Brachial
Explanation:
The AHA (American Heart Association) and WHO recommend the brachial artery for infants because their necks are short, making the carotid difficult to find without potentially obstructing the airway.