1. Which one is a simple sentence?
a)
I know that he is honest.
b)
I know his honesty.
c)
I know he is honest.
d)
I know him and he is honest.
Answer:
I know his honesty.
Explanation:
Simple Sentence-এ একটি মাত্র Subject ও একটি মাত্র Finite Verb থাকে এবং এটি একটি স্বাধীন Thoughts প্রকাশ করে। এখানে 'I' Subject এবং 'know' Finite Verb। বাকি অংশ (his honesty) Phrase হিসেবে কাজ করছে। অন্যদিকে, A ও C তে 'that' ও 'he is honest' clause যুক্ত হওয়ায় সেগুলো Complex; D তে 'and' থাকায় এটি Compound.
2. "Turning the corner, he saw the house."- Make it compound sentence.
a)
He turned the corner and saw the house.
b)
He turned the corner to see the house.
c)
After turning the corner, he saw the house.
d)
He saw the house when he turned the corner.
Answer:
He turned the corner and saw the house.
Explanation:
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি একটি Simple Sentence (Participle দিয়ে শুরু)। এটিকে Compound করতে হলে দুটি Principal Clause কে Coordinating Conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত করতে হবে। "He turned the corner" (প্রথম clause) + and (Conjunction) + "saw the house" (দ্বিতীয় clause) সঠিক গঠন।
3. Identify the complex sentence:
a)
The man is old but healthy.
b)
In spite of being old, the man is healthy.
c)
Though the man is old, he is healthy.
d)
The man is old and healthy.
Answer:
Though the man is old, he is healthy.
Explanation:
Complex Sentence-এ একটি Principal Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause থাকে, যা Subordinating Conjunction (যেমন: though, because, if, when) দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়। এখানে "Though the man is old" (Subordinate Clause) এবং "he is healthy" (Principal Clause)।
4. "I have lost the watch that you gave me."- Make it simple.
a)
You gave me a watch and I have lost it.
b)
I have lost the watch you gave me.
c)
I have lost your given watch.
d)
I have lost the watch given by you.
Answer:
I have lost the watch given by you.
Explanation:
মূল বাক্যটি Complex (যেখানে 'that you gave me' একটি Adjective Clause)। এটিকে Simple করতে Adjective Clause-টিকে একটি Phrase-এ (Participle/Noun phrase) পরিণত করতে হবে। 'that you gave me' → 'given by you' একটি Past Participle Phrase.
5. কোনটি একটি Compound Sentence?
ক)
He worked hard to succeed in life.
খ)
He worked hard so that he might succeed.
গ)
He worked hard and succeeded in life.
ঘ)
Working hard, he succeeded in life.
উত্তর:
He worked hard and succeeded in life.
ব্যাখ্যা:
Compound Sentence-এ দুটি Independent Clause (Principal Clause) থাকে যা একটি Coordinating Conjunction (and, but, or, yet, so) দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে। এখানে "He worked hard" ও "succeeded in life" (Actually "he succeeded" but subject omitted but understood) – এবং এরা "and" দ্বারা যুক্ত।
6. "I know who he is."- Make it simple.
a)
I know him.
b)
I know his identity.
c)
I know who is he.
d)
I know he.
Answer:
I know his identity.
Explanation:
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Complex (who he is = Noun Clause)। Simple বাক্যে Noun Clause-এর স্থলে একটি Noun Phrase বসে। 'who he is' → 'his identity' (Noun Phrase) বসিয়ে "I know his identity" সঠিক Simple Sentence.
7. কোন বাক্যটি শুদ্ধ (Grammatically correct) Complex sentence?
ক)
If you read, you will learn.
খ)
If you read and you will learn.
গ)
Read and you will learn.
ঘ)
By reading you will learn.
উত্তর:
If you read, you will learn.
ব্যাখ্যা:
এটি একটি Complex Sentence। এখানে "If you read" হলো Adverbial Clause (Conditional) এবং "you will learn" হলো Principal Clause। B তে 'and' অপ্রয়োজনীয়; C তে 'Read and you will learn' একটি Compound Sentence; D তে 'By reading' Phrase হওয়ায় এটি Simple.
8. "Not only did he insult me but also took my money."- Make it simple.
a)
He insulted me and took my money.
b)
He not only insulted me but also took my money.
c)
Besides insulting me, he took my money.
d)
He insulted me and also took my money.
Answer:
Besides insulting me, he took my money.
Explanation:
মূল বাক্যটি Compound (Correlative conjunction: Not only...but also)। এটিকে Simple করতে হলে দুটি Verb-এর একটি Gerund বা Participle-এ পরিণত করতে হবে। "insulted me" → "insulting me" (Gerund) করে "Besides" (Preposition) যোগ করলে Simple Sentence হয়।
9. "He confessed that he was guilty."- বাক্যটির Simple form হচ্ছে—
ক)
He confessed and he was guilty.
খ)
He confessed his guilt.
গ)
He was guilty and confessed it.
ঘ)
He confessed to be guilty.
উত্তর:
He confessed his guilt.
ব্যাখ্যা:
এটি একটি Complex Sentence (that he was guilty = Noun Clause)। Simple করতে Noun Clause-টিকে Noun Phrase-এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে। 'that he was guilty' → 'his guilt' (Possessive + Noun)।
10. কোনটি একটি Simple Sentence?
ক)
He is too weak to walk.
খ)
He is so weak that he cannot walk.
গ)
He is weak and he cannot walk.
ঘ)
He cannot walk because he is weak.
উত্তর:
He is too weak to walk.
ব্যাখ্যা:
"too + Adjective + to + Verb"= Simple Sentence
11. "Walk fast or you will miss the bus."- Make it complex.
a)
If you walk fast, you will miss the bus.
b)
If you do not walk fast, you will miss the bus.
c)
Walk fast to miss the bus.
d)
By walking fast, you will miss the bus.
Answer:
If you do not walk fast, you will miss the bus.
Explanation:
মূল বাক্যটি Compound (or দ্বারা যুক্ত)। এর অর্থ হলো "দ্রুত না গেলে বাস মিস করবে"। Complex করতে হলে 'or' এর জায়গায় 'If...not' অথবা 'Unless' বসাতে হবে। 'Unless you walk fast, you will miss the bus' ও সঠিক, কিন্তু অপশনে 'If you do not walk fast' সেটিকেই ইঙ্গিত করে।
12. "Notwithstanding his poverty, he is honest."- Make it compound.
a)
He is poor but honest.
b)
He is poor but he is honest.
c)
Though he is poor, he is honest.
d)
In spite of his poverty, he is honest.
Answer:
He is poor but he is honest.
Explanation:
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Simple (Preposition 'Notwithstanding' + Phrase)। Compound বানাতে হলে দুটি Principal Clause তৈরি করে 'but' দিয়ে যুক্ত করতে হবে। 'He is poor' + 'but' + 'he is honest'। (A তে 'but honest' একটি Phrase, তাই সেটি Simple-ই থাকবে)।
13. "He came here and told me the story."- Make it simple.
a)
He came here to tell me the story.
b)
Coming here, he told me the story.
c)
He came here and he told me the story.
d)
Both A and B.
Answer:
Both A and B.
Explanation:
মূল বাক্যটি Compound (and দ্বারা যুক্ত)। একে Simple বানানোর দুটি উপায় আছে: ১. একটি Verb-কে Infinitive-এ পরিণত করা (to tell) → option A; ২. একটি Verb-কে Participle-এ পরিণত করা (Coming) → option B।
14. "I know the man who is standing there."- Make it simple.
a)
I know the man standing there.
b)
I know the man and he is standing there.
c)
I know the man, he is standing there.
d)
I know the man who stands there.
Answer:
I know the man standing there.
Explanation:
Complex Sentence-এ 'who is standing there' একটি Adjective Clause। Simple করতে Adjective Clause-কে Present Participle Phrase-এ (standing there) রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
15. "Work hard and you will shine in life."- Make it complex.
a)
If you work hard, you will shine in life.
b)
By working hard you will shine in life.
c)
Work hard to shine in life.
d)
You work hard and you will shine in life.
Answer:
If you work hard, you will shine in life.
Explanation:
এটি একটি Imperative Mood-এর Compound Sentence। এটিকে Complex বানাতে 'and' এর পরিবর্তে একটি Subordinating Conjunction (If/Unless) বসাতে হবে।
16. কোন বাক্যটি Complex Sentence-এর উদাহরণ?
ক)
I saw a tree loaded with fruits.
খ)
I saw a tree which was loaded with fruits.
গ)
I saw a tree and it was loaded with fruits.
ঘ)
I saw a tree with lots of fruits.
উত্তর:
I saw a tree which was loaded with fruits.
ব্যাখ্যা:
এখানে Principal Clause: "I saw a tree" এবং Subordinate Clause: "which was loaded with fruits" (Adjective Clause) যা 'which' দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়েছে। A ও D Simple (Phrase যুক্ত), C Compound ('and' যুক্ত)।
17. "He must run fast to catch the train."- Make it compound.
a)
He must run fast and catch the train.
b)
He must run fast so that he can catch the train.
c)
He must run fast or he cannot catch the train.
d)
He must run fast to catch the train.
Answer:
He must run fast and catch the train.
Explanation:
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Simple (Infinitive 'to catch' যুক্ত)। Compound করতে 'to catch' (উদ্দেশ্য) কে 'and' দিয়ে মূল Clause-এর সাথে যুক্ত আরেকটি Clause তৈরি করতে হবে। অর্থ: "He must run fast and (he must) catch the train."
18. "He is so weak that he cannot walk."- Make it simple.
a)
He is too weak to walk.
b)
He is weak and cannot walk.
c)
He is very weak to walk.
d)
He cannot walk because of weakness.
Answer:
He is too weak to walk.
Explanation:
এটি একটি Complex Sentence (so...that + Negative)। এটিকে Simple করার সবচেয়ে প্রচলিত নিয়ম হলো 'too...to' ব্যবহার করা। 'so weak that he cannot walk' = 'too weak to walk'.
19. "As he was ill, he could not attend the meeting."- Make it compound.
a)
He was ill and could not attend the meeting.
b)
He was ill so he could not attend the meeting.
c)
He could not attend the meeting for his illness.
d)
Because of illness, he could not attend the meeting.
Answer:
He was ill so he could not attend the meeting.
Explanation:
মূল বাক্যটি Complex (As/Because যুক্ত)। Compound করতে হলে 'As' বাদ দিয়ে দুটি Principal Clause তৈরি করতে হবে এবং সঠিক Coordinating Conjunction ব্যবহার করতে হবে। কারণ-ফল বোঝাতে 'so' বসে। "He was ill" + "so" + "he could not attend the meeting".
20. "Being ill, he didn't go to office."- Make it complex.
a)
He was ill and he didn't go to office.
b)
He didn't go to office because he was ill.
c)
He was ill, so he didn't go to office.
d)
He was ill but he didn't go to office.
Answer:
He didn't go to office because he was ill.
Explanation:
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Simple (Participle 'Being ill' যুক্ত)। Complex বানাতে Participle Phrase-টিকে Adverbial Clause-এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে। কারণ বোঝাতে 'because/as/since' বসে। 'Being ill' → 'because he was ill'.