1. Which of the following helps to prevent bed sore?
a) Frequent position change
b) Avoid cleaning skin
c) Tight bed sheet
d) Keeping patient immobile
Answer: Frequent position change
Explanation: Bed sore prevent করার সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ nursing intervention হলো প্রতি ২ ঘণ্টা পর patient position change করা → এতে pressure কমে → blood circulation ঠিক থাকে → ulcer prevent হয়।
2. Common sites of decubitus ulcer are—
a) Lumbo-sacral region
b) Knee joint
c) Buccal mucosa
d) Lower abdomen
Answer: Lumbo-sacral region
Explanation: Bed sore সাধারণত bony prominence এ হয়, যেমন: Sacrum (সবচেয়ে common) Heel Elbow Lumbo-sacral region এ pressure বেশি পড়ে, তাই এখানে ulcer বেশি হয়।
3. Which patient is most at risk of developing bed sore?
a) Walking patient
b) Active patient
c) Bedridden patient
d) Healthy adult
Answer: Bedridden patient
Explanation: Bedridden patient নড়াচড়া করতে পারে না → pressure relieve হয় না → prolonged চাপের কারণে tissue ischemia → necrosis → bed sore হয়।
4. A chronic immobilized patient is at risk of developing—
a) Hypokalemia
b) Hyperkalemia
c) Incontinence
d) Bed sore
Answer: Bed sore
Explanation: Chronic immobilized patient এর ক্ষেত্রে body pressure points (sacrum, heel) এ continuous চাপ পড়ে → skin breakdown হয় → bed sore develop করে। তাই immobilization = high risk factor।
5. The most significant cause for developing bed sore is—
a) Post-operative patient
b) Hemiplegia
c) Facial palsy
d) Long term immobilized patient
Answer: Long term immobilized patient
Explanation: Bed sore (pressure ulcer) প্রধানত হয় যখন রোগী দীর্ঘ সময় একই অবস্থায় থাকে। এতে pressure এর কারণে blood circulation কমে যায় → tissue damage হয় → ulcer তৈরি হয়। তাই long-term immobilization সবচেয়ে বড় cause।
6. Common sites of bed sore are —
a) Occiput
b) Abdomen
c) Scapula
d) Forehead
Answer: Occiput
Explanation: Bed sore সাধারণত bony prominence জায়গায় হয়। Occiput, scapula এগুলো pressure point, কিন্তু abdomen বা forehead নয়।
7. Which condition mainly causes bed sore?
a) Prolonged pressure
b) Increased mobility
c) High nutrition
d) Exercise
Answer: Prolonged pressure
Explanation: দীর্ঘ সময় একই জায়গায় চাপ পড়লে blood circulation কমে যায় → tissue necrosis → bed sore হয়।
8. The most important risk factor of bed sore is —
a) Hypertension
b) Immobility
c) Fever
d) Cough
Answer: Immobility
Explanation: যারা দীর্ঘ সময় শুয়ে থাকে (paralyzed/ICU patient) তাদের মধ্যে bed sore বেশি হয়।
9. First stage of bed sore is characterized by —
a) Redness of skin
b) Open ulcer
c) Bone exposure
d) Necrosis
Answer: Redness of skin
Explanation: Stage-1 এ skin intact থাকে কিন্তু redness (non-blanching erythema) দেখা যায়।
10. Best method to prevent bed sore —
a) Increase pressure
b) Frequent position change
c) Restrict movement
d) Decrease nutrition
Answer: Frequent position change
Explanation: প্রতি 2 ঘন্টা পর position change করলে pressure কমে → ulcer prevent হয়।
11. Which patient is at highest risk for bed sore?
a) Walking patient
b) Athlete
c) Child
d) ICU patient
Answer: ICU patient
Explanation: ICU patient বেশি সময় immobilized থাকে → risk বেশি।
Read More:
12. Bed sore is also known as —
a) Ulcerative colitis
b) Pressure ulcer
c) Gastric ulcer
d) Skin rash
Answer: Pressure ulcer
Explanation: Bed sore = Decubitus ulcer = Pressure ulcer
13. Which nursing intervention is most effective in bed sore prevention?
a) Giving antibiotics
b) IV fluid
c) Oxygen therapy
d) Skin care & hygiene
Answer: Skin care & hygiene
Explanation: Skin clean, dry রাখা + pressure relieve করা সবচেয়ে important।
14. Which area is LEAST likely to develop bed sore?
a) Sacrum
b) Heel
c) Elbow
d) Abdomen
Answer: Abdomen
Explanation: Abdomen এ bony prominence কম → pressure ulcer কম হয়।
15. Main complication of untreated bed sore —
a) Infection
b) Hypertension
c) Diabetes
d) Asthma
Answer: Infection
Explanation: Untreated ulcer → infection → sepsis পর্যন্ত হতে পারে।
16. Which of the following is a potential complication of immobility that can lead to the development of bed sores?
a) Hypocalcaemia
b) Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
c) Constipation
d) Reduced tissue integrity due to pressure
Answer: Reduced tissue integrity due to pressure
Explanation: While the document lists complications like UTI and Constipation for immobility (Question No. 13), bed sores (pressure ulcers) are a primary concern for immobile patients because constant pressure reduces blood flow to the skin, leading to tissue breakdown.
17. Which of the following is a primary non-pharmacological nursing intervention to prevent bed sores in a patient with limited mobility?
a) Administering oral paracetamol
b) Regular position change and movement
c) Providing music therapy
d) Increasing dietary protein only
Answer: Regular position change and movement
Explanation: According to question No. 36, position changes are essential non-pharmacological pain and comfort measures. In bed sore prevention, frequent repositioning (every 2 hours) relieves constant pressure on bony prominences, which is the primary cause of tissue breakdown.
18. Which organ system assessment is most critical for identifying a patient's risk for bed sores based on its status as the largest organ?
a) Liver
b) Brain
c) Skin
d) Heart
Answer: Skin
Explanation: the skin as the largest organ of the body. Since bed sores are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissue, regular skin assessment is the first step in identifying early signs of pressure damage like redness or blanching.
19. Proper body mechanics are used by nurses primarily to reduce work-related injury, but how do they indirectly help in bed sore prevention?
a) By increasing the nurse's workload
b) By allowing safe and effective patient repositioning
c) By increasing patient fatigue
d) By reducing the need for documentation
Answer: By allowing safe and effective patient repositioning
Explanation: mentions that proper body mechanics prevent muscle strain and injury. For bed sore prevention, nurses must frequently turn and move patients; using correct mechanics ensures this is done safely and regularly without injuring the staff or the patient’s skin (shearing).
20. In a postoperative patient, which of the following signs could indicate poor tissue perfusion, increasing the risk of skin breakdown?
a) Warm and dry skin
b) Improved circulation
c) Cold clammy skin and poor tissue perfusion
d) Normal body temperature
Answer: Cold clammy skin and poor tissue perfusion
Explanation: highlights that cold, clammy skin indicates poor tissue perfusion. When tissues are poorly perfused, they lack the oxygen and nutrients needed to remain healthy, making the skin significantly more susceptible to developing bed sores under pressure.
